Digital eye health and behavioral determinants of screen use among university students in the UAE.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The growing integration of digital technologies into daily life has heightened concerns over visual health, particularly among young adults with prolonged screen exposure, with digital eye strain (DES), dry eye disease (DED), and myopia becoming increasingly prevalent. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), evidence on screen use and ocular health among university students remains limited. This study assessed the prevalence of eye-related disorders, behavioral correlates of screen use, and preventive practices among university students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), with implications for digital health and wellbeing interventions. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 463 undergraduate students from three universities in Ras Al Khaimah, UAE. A validated self-administered questionnaire assessed demographics, device use, symptoms, and preventive practices (Cronbach's  = 0.78). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, -tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression. RESULTS: Overall, 35.4% of students reported a diagnosed eye disorder. The majority used digital devices for 4-6 h (43.2%) or 7-9 h (34.1%) daily, with smartphones being the most common. Frequent symptoms included headaches (43.8%), neck/back pain (38.2%), eye strain (37.6%), and dry eyes (37.1%). Symptom scores were higher among females ( < 0.001) and those with ≥10 h of daily screen time ( < 0.001). Logistic regression showed female gender (OR = 1.77), lack of blue light filter use (OR = 0.54), and infrequent breaks ( = 0.013-0.037) as significant predictors. CONCLUSIONS: Eye disorders and digital eye strain are prevalent among university students, reflecting behavioral patterns of prolonged and unregulated screen use.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

In a cross-sectional survey of 463 undergraduates in the UAE, 35.4% reported a diagnosed eye disorder and common symptoms included headaches (43.8%), neck/back pain (38.2%), eye strain (37.6%), and dry eyes (37.1%). Symptom scores were higher among females and among those reporting ≥10 hours/day of screen time. Logistic regression identified female gender, lack of blue light filter use, and infrequent breaks as significant predictors.

Outcomes measured

• Diagnosed eye disorder prevalence
• Digital eye strain (DES) symptoms
• Dry eyes/dry eye symptoms
• Myopia (mentioned as increasingly prevalent)
• Headaches
• Neck/back pain
• Eye strain
• Preventive practices (blue light filter use, taking breaks)

Limitations

• Cross-sectional design (cannot establish causality)
• Self-reported questionnaire data (device use, symptoms, and diagnoses)
• Conducted in three universities in a single emirate (Ras Al Khaimah), which may limit generalizability

{
    "study_type": "cross_sectional",
    "exposure": {
        "band": null,
        "source": "digital device screen use (smartphones and other devices)",
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "daily screen time (commonly 4–6 h, 7–9 h; ≥10 h associated with higher symptom scores)"
    },
    "population": "Undergraduate university students in Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates (UAE)",
    "sample_size": 463,
    "outcomes": [
        "Diagnosed eye disorder prevalence",
        "Digital eye strain (DES) symptoms",
        "Dry eyes/dry eye symptoms",
        "Myopia (mentioned as increasingly prevalent)",
        "Headaches",
        "Neck/back pain",
        "Eye strain",
        "Preventive practices (blue light filter use, taking breaks)"
    ],
    "main_findings": "In a cross-sectional survey of 463 undergraduates in the UAE, 35.4% reported a diagnosed eye disorder and common symptoms included headaches (43.8%), neck/back pain (38.2%), eye strain (37.6%), and dry eyes (37.1%). Symptom scores were higher among females and among those reporting ≥10 hours/day of screen time. Logistic regression identified female gender, lack of blue light filter use, and infrequent breaks as significant predictors.",
    "effect_direction": "harm",
    "limitations": [
        "Cross-sectional design (cannot establish causality)",
        "Self-reported questionnaire data (device use, symptoms, and diagnoses)",
        "Conducted in three universities in a single emirate (Ras Al Khaimah), which may limit generalizability"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "digital eye health",
        "screen time",
        "digital eye strain",
        "dry eyes",
        "university students",
        "UAE",
        "smartphone use",
        "blue light filter",
        "breaks",
        "questionnaire",
        "logistic regression"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

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