Multi-frequency electromagnetic radiation induces anxiety in mice via inflammation in the cerebral cortex.

PAPER pubmed Environmental science and pollution research international 2024 Animal study Effect: harm Evidence: Low

Read original paper → DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33447-y PMID: 38724846 Evidence Lab

Abstract

Modern life is filled with radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) in various frequency bands, while the health risks are not clear. In this study, mice were whole-body exposed to 0.9/1.5/2.65 GHz radiofrequency radiation at 4 W/kg for 2 h per day for 4 weeks to investigate the emotional effects. It was found that the mice showed anxiety but no severe depression. The ELISA results showed a significant decrease in amino acid neurotransmitters (GABA, DA, 5-HT), although acetylcholine (ACH) levels were not significantly altered. Furthermore, Western blot results showed that BDNF, TrkB, and CREB levels were increased in the cerebral cortex, while NF-κB levels were decreased. In addition, pro-inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) were significantly elevated, and anti-inflammatory factors (IL-4, IL-10) tended to decrease. In conclusion, multi-frequency electromagnetic radiation induces an inflammatory response through the CREB-BDNF-TrkB and NF-κB pathways in the cerebral cortex and causes a decrease in excitatory neurotransmitters, which ultimately causes anxiety in mice.

AI evidence extraction

At a glance

Study type

Animal study

Effect direction

harm

Population

Mice

Sample size

—

Exposure

RF · 4 W/kg · 2 h/day for 4 weeks

Evidence strength

Low

Confidence: 78% · Peer-reviewed: yes

Main findings

Mice whole-body exposed to multi-frequency RF (0.9/1.5/2.65 GHz) at 4 W/kg for 2 h/day for 4 weeks showed anxiety-like behavior but not severe depression. Neurotransmitters (GABA, DA, 5-HT) decreased, ACh was not significantly changed; cortical BDNF/TrkB/CREB increased, NF-κB decreased; pro-inflammatory cytokines increased and anti-inflammatory cytokines tended to decrease.

Outcomes measured

Anxiety-like behavior
Depression-like behavior
Neurotransmitters (GABA, DA, 5-HT, ACh)
BDNF/TrkB/CREB protein levels in cerebral cortex
NF-κB protein level in cerebral cortex
Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α)
Anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10)

View raw extracted JSON

{
    "study_type": "animal",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "RF",
        "source": null,
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": 4,
        "duration": "2 h/day for 4 weeks"
    },
    "population": "Mice",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Anxiety-like behavior",
        "Depression-like behavior",
        "Neurotransmitters (GABA, DA, 5-HT, ACh)",
        "BDNF/TrkB/CREB protein levels in cerebral cortex",
        "NF-κB protein level in cerebral cortex",
        "Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α)",
        "Anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10)"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Mice whole-body exposed to multi-frequency RF (0.9/1.5/2.65 GHz) at 4 W/kg for 2 h/day for 4 weeks showed anxiety-like behavior but not severe depression. Neurotransmitters (GABA, DA, 5-HT) decreased, ACh was not significantly changed; cortical BDNF/TrkB/CREB increased, NF-κB decreased; pro-inflammatory cytokines increased and anti-inflammatory cytokines tended to decrease.",
    "effect_direction": "harm",
    "limitations": [],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation",
        "multi-frequency",
        "0.9 GHz",
        "1.5 GHz",
        "2.65 GHz",
        "SAR 4 W/kg",
        "whole-body exposure",
        "mice",
        "anxiety",
        "cerebral cortex",
        "inflammation",
        "cytokines",
        "BDNF",
        "TrkB",
        "CREB",
        "NF-κB",
        "GABA",
        "dopamine",
        "serotonin"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract/metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This content is for informational purposes only and is not medical advice.

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