Effects of 4G mobile phone radiation exposure on reproductive, hepatic, renal, and hematological parameters of male Wistar rat.

PAPER pubmed Environmental science and pollution research international 2024 Animal study Effect: harm Evidence: Low

Read original paper → DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31367-x PMID: 38102429 Evidence Lab

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Mobile phones have become a vital part of human life. Due to drastic increase in the number of mobile phone subscribers, exposure to radiofrequency radiation (RFR) emitted from these phones has increased dramatically. Hence, the effect of RFR on humans is an area of concern. This study was performed to determine the impact of 4G mobile phone radiation on the male reproductive system, liver, kidney, and hematological parameters. METHODS: Seventy-day-old Wistar rats were exposed to 4G radiation (2350 MHz for 2 h/day for 56 days). Sperm parameters such as sperm count, viability, sperm head morphology, mitochondrial activity, total antioxidant activity, and lipid peroxidation of sperm were evaluated. Histopathology of the testis, prostate, epididymis, seminal vesicle, liver, and kidney was carried out. Complete blood count, liver and kidney function tests, and testosterone hormone analysis were done. RESULTS: At the end of the experiment, results showed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in sperm viability with alterations in the histology of the liver, kidney, testis, and other reproductive organs in the exposed group of rats. A reduced level of testosterone, total antioxidant capacity, and decreased sperm mitochondrial function were also observed in the exposed rats. Moreover, the exposed rats showed an increase in sperm lipid peroxidation and sperm abnormality. Hematological parameters like hemoglobin, red blood cells (RBC), and packed cell volume (PCV) showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the exposed rats. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that chronic exposure to 4G radiation may affect the male reproductive system, hematological system, liver, and kidney of rats.

AI evidence extraction

At a glance

Study type

Animal study

Effect direction

harm

Population

Male Wistar rats (70-day-old)

Sample size

—

Exposure

RF mobile phone · 2350 MHz · 2 h/day for 56 days

Evidence strength

Low

Confidence: 78% · Peer-reviewed: yes

Main findings

Rats exposed to 4G radiation (2350 MHz, 2 h/day for 56 days) showed decreased sperm viability, reduced testosterone, reduced total antioxidant capacity, and decreased sperm mitochondrial function, with increased sperm lipid peroxidation and sperm abnormality. Histological alterations were reported in liver, kidney, testis, and other reproductive organs. Hematological parameters (hemoglobin, RBC, PCV) significantly increased in exposed rats.

Outcomes measured

Sperm count
Sperm viability
Sperm head morphology
Sperm mitochondrial activity/function
Total antioxidant activity/capacity (sperm)
Sperm lipid peroxidation
Histopathology (testis, prostate, epididymis, seminal vesicle, liver, kidney)
Complete blood count
Liver function tests
Kidney function tests
Testosterone hormone level

Suggested hubs

mobile-phones (0.9)
Exposure described as 4G mobile phone radiation (2350 MHz).
rf-animal-studies (0.85)
Experimental exposure study in Wistar rats assessing biological outcomes.

View raw extracted JSON

{
    "study_type": "animal",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "RF",
        "source": "mobile phone",
        "frequency_mhz": 2350,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "2 h/day for 56 days"
    },
    "population": "Male Wistar rats (70-day-old)",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Sperm count",
        "Sperm viability",
        "Sperm head morphology",
        "Sperm mitochondrial activity/function",
        "Total antioxidant activity/capacity (sperm)",
        "Sperm lipid peroxidation",
        "Histopathology (testis, prostate, epididymis, seminal vesicle, liver, kidney)",
        "Complete blood count",
        "Liver function tests",
        "Kidney function tests",
        "Testosterone hormone level"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Rats exposed to 4G radiation (2350 MHz, 2 h/day for 56 days) showed decreased sperm viability, reduced testosterone, reduced total antioxidant capacity, and decreased sperm mitochondrial function, with increased sperm lipid peroxidation and sperm abnormality. Histological alterations were reported in liver, kidney, testis, and other reproductive organs. Hematological parameters (hemoglobin, RBC, PCV) significantly increased in exposed rats.",
    "effect_direction": "harm",
    "limitations": [],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "4G",
        "mobile phone radiation",
        "radiofrequency radiation",
        "2350 MHz",
        "Wistar rat",
        "male reproductive system",
        "sperm viability",
        "testosterone",
        "oxidative stress",
        "lipid peroxidation",
        "histopathology",
        "liver",
        "kidney",
        "hematology"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": [
        {
            "slug": "mobile-phones",
            "weight": 0.90000000000000002220446049250313080847263336181640625,
            "reason": "Exposure described as 4G mobile phone radiation (2350 MHz)."
        },
        {
            "slug": "rf-animal-studies",
            "weight": 0.84999999999999997779553950749686919152736663818359375,
            "reason": "Experimental exposure study in Wistar rats assessing biological outcomes."
        }
    ]
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract/metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This content is for informational purposes only and is not medical advice.

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